4/6/2023 0 Comments Hydrogen bond definition![]() ![]() ![]() To learn more about hydrogen bonds, see the Chemistry LibreText page. The large difference in electronegativities between hydrogen and any of fluorine, nitrogen and oxygen. A hydrogen is a strong example of an interaction between two permanent dipoles. The presence of strong hydrogen bonds in water explains many of its unique properties - it is a liquid at room temperature, when most other molecules of a similar size are gases. The hydrogen bond is a primarily electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen (H) atom which is covalently bound to a more electronegative atom or group. The slight positive and slight negative of the dipoles in two different molecules attract the molecules to each other.Ĭompared to compounds that cannot hydrogen bond, compounds that do hydrogen bond with each other will have higher boiling points and melting points. A hydrogen bond can occur between molecules when the molecules are polar (they have an electric dipole) and the dipole involves a bond to a hydrogen atom. They are about 10-100 times weaker than a covalent bond (although stronger than other attractions between molecules). It results from the attractive force between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom such as a N, O, or F atom and another very electronegative atom. ![]() Hydrogen bonds can form between molecules that have C-H, N-H, Cl-H, and F-H bonds.Ī hydrogen bond is not a "bond" in the same sense as the chemical bonds that hold the atoms in a molecule together. Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules, not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom. Ī hydrogen bond is an attraction between molecules (an intermolecular attraction). Hydrogen Bond Definition Hydrogen bond is an attractive force between a partially positive charged hydrogen and a partially negative charged atom (oxygen and nitrogen). A depiction of hydrogen bonding between water molecules. ![]()
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